Departure: the cultural memory of ignorant years

　　Thirty years ago, the cultural field in the mainland of China was in ruins. Thirty years later, the cultural development in China has been dazzling and missing.

　　Walking so fast, it’s easy to forget why you started in the first place. How many people have forgotten that they were moved by something and burst into tears. We tried to find the earliest bud that sprouted 30 years ago, hoping to find the bag that was left behind with the original dream …

　　Pop music Teresa Teng: a legend that comes quietly.

　　Her singing came from the other side of the strait and became the first gentle in that depressed political environment.

　　Our reporter/Yang Shi

　　Teresa Teng is an unavoidable name in the history of pop music in China. Thirty years ago, the cultural field in the mainland of China was in ruins. Her singing came from the other side of the Taiwan Strait, which became the first gentle song in that political environment. People privately played and recorded it, which quietly influenced more than one generation without any publicity.

　　The real Teresa Teng

　　"Teresa Teng has always known that she is very popular in the mainland. She is not unwilling to come to the mainland, but all kinds of coincidences have not come. The first half and the second half have their own reasons." Guan Weihua said while drinking red wine in his own bar in Beijing, "I have too many dribs and drabs with Teresa Teng."

　　Guan Weihua, a Singaporean, was Teresa Teng’s agent when he started his career, and later had a close relationship with the Deng family. Teresa Teng made two films in his life, Thank you, General Manager, in 1969 and Miss Fans the following year. Guan Weihua discovered Teresa Teng because of the previous film. In the 1960s and 1970s, he often took some artists to perform in Southeast Asia.

　　He found Teresa Teng’s mother to talk about the contract through friends. "My mother and Deng will talk about it in a minute. Teresa Teng was only a teenager at that time, and she had to pull me to teach her to swim. " Guan Weihua said that Deng Ma’s contract was $100 a day, which was a very high fee at that time. But after arriving in Vietnam, Guan MUGUR PETRU CIUBANCAN found that his monthly income reached $15,000. So he found Teresa Teng’s mother again and told the truth. He gave the money to Deng’s mother, let the other party bear his own expenses, and only got a commission of 10%. It was also that time that Guan Weihua won the trust of the Deng family, and they have been in contact since then.

　　Since then, Teresa Teng’s income can reach $10,000 a month. Before that, Teresa Teng’s life was not rich. She was born in Tianyang Village, Baozhong Township, Yunlin County, Taiwan. She moved her family several times, studied ballet during this period, and received music enlightenment because of her musical talent in primary school. In 1967, Teresa Teng dropped out of the girls’ school because of her acting career.

　　In Guan Weihua’s eyes, Teresa Teng is different from most artists. "Probably because of suffering, her family has little money. So she never strives for fame and fortune. We are like brothers and sisters, so I take her to any performance, and all countries in Southeast Asia go. Every time Teresa Teng is the core. " Guan Weihua said.

　　After that, Teresa Teng’s star path was brilliant, and her records and concerts won numerous awards, which spread all over Southeast Asia. In 1973, Japanese record companies invited him to develop in Japan, and Teresa Teng’s mother found Guan MUGUR PETRU CIUBANCAN to discuss. "She didn’t read any books, although it was already very popular at that time. Only Japan can package her better. I think the three-year contract there is very stable, so let’s go." Guan Weihua said.

　　This decision became an important turning point in Teresa Teng’s acting career. After that, she released the famous "Airport", which was even more prosperous from then on.

　　In 1979, Teresa Teng exposed the storm of fake passports, which became another turning point in her life, and objectively she didn’t meet mainland fans. This is another story.

　　The "psychological warfare" in the Taiwan Strait is not exclusively about Teresa Teng.

　　Around 1978, some young people who love music began to copy Teresa Teng’s tapes from each other. At that time, no one knew who this woman with a sweet singing voice was. They just got used to the excitement of the model opera and suddenly realized that the music could be so wonderful. Soon, Teresa Teng’s songs spread rapidly among young people through underground means, first by ripping tapes, pirated tapes, and then by covering highlights. Sensitive college students are particularly enthusiastic about Teresa Teng’s songs. In those days, discussions about Teresa Teng often appeared on campus.

　　With the popularity of music, criticism began gradually. In 1979, Teresa Teng’s songs from Hong Kong and Taiwan and Li Guyi’s "Homesickness" were popular in big cities, so some old musicians specially held a "Xishan Conference" for this purpose. Teresa Teng’s songs were classified as "yellow songs" and "decadent voices" and were completely banned from now on.

　　Since then, this word with typical ideology has become the label of Teresa Teng on the mainland.

　　The ban even further contributed to the popularity of Teresa Teng. Since the 1980s, Teresa Teng’s songs have spread all over the mainland, although they have never been broadcast by the official media.

　　The exact source of these songs’ introduction into the mainland has been impossible to verify. Some of them brought tapes from the south, and some people listened to Taiwan Province’s broadcasts on short wave.

　　He Qun (pseudonym) was the secretary of the Literature and Art Department of Fujian Radio Station in the 1980s. He recalled to the reporter of China News Weekly, "You can hear Taiwan Province broadcasting here in Fujian. At that time, many people liked to listen to Teresa Teng’s songs, which were also playing in the streets. At that time, the Ministry of Radio, Film and Television and china national radio had a verbal notice not to play Teresa Teng’s songs in the program, but there was no written document. "

　　He Qun was born in a conservatory of music. He also liked Teresa Teng’s music at that time, and now he still has many preserved tapes of Teresa Teng at home. "At that time, the leaders of the Propaganda Department of the Provincial Party Committee asked me what I thought of Teresa Teng’s music. I said that we wouldn’t broadcast it, and I wasn’t allowed to edit it. But my personal opinion is that there is nothing wrong with these songs, they are not’ yellow’ and’ disgusting’, and there is nothing politically reactionary. " He Qun said that he also heard rumors that "Taiwan Province’s broadcast of Teresa Teng is a psychological war against the mainland, and it is necessary to soften the fighting spirit of the mainland". "But everyone didn’t think they didn’t want to liberate Taiwan Province after listening to her music. At that time, there was interference with the news of Radio Taiwan Province, but Teresa Teng’s music could still be heard. "

　　At that time, Taiwan Province broadcasted Teresa Teng’s songs to the mainland through radio, while Fujian Radio broadcasted traditional Nanyin and hometown music to Taiwan Province on weekdays, and broadcasted some passionate wind music on important days such as National Day. "It’s not an offensive, it’s just a morale booster." He Qun said. And those traditional Fujian Nanyin actually attracted letters from Taiwan Province listeners, feeling the changes in the mainland.

　　Taiwan Province did not deliberately choose Teresa Teng to conduct psychological warfare on the mainland through broadcasting. Tao Xiaoqing, a senior host of Taiwan Province Zhongguang Radio, told the reporter of China Newsweek that "Taiwan Province (was) broadcast to the mainland by China Central Radio at that time. No music can’t be a program. They just chose the red singer at that time. Teresa Teng is very red and didn’t choose it on purpose. " The songs of contemporary singers of Teresa Teng are also played on the radio. Just because Deng’s songs have a strong flavor of life, they are more accepted by mainland audiences.

　　Regret fulfills eternal nostalgia.

　　On February 18th, 1979, in order to simplify the entry and exit procedures, Teresa Teng flew from Hongkong to Japan with an Indonesian passport. Later, this Indonesian passport, which was handled by Deng with the help of a friend, was suspected to be a fake document. At that time, Taiwan Province was very strict about the management of false documents, and according to the law, it could be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of less than one year. "At that time, it was possible to be sentenced to death because of fake documents." Guan Weihua added.

　　After the fake passport storm, Teresa Teng, who holds an American visa, decided to go to the United States because of various considerations. "At that time, Teresa Teng’s family was in Taiwan Province, and she had no work to do in the United States. Her company is also very anxious. " Guan Weihua said.

　　From the news in the United States, Teresa Teng learned that his songs were very popular in mainland China, so he was interested in sightseeing in mainland China.

　　"At that time, Taiwan Province knew that Teresa Teng was very popular in the mainland. They knew that China was open at that time, and they were afraid that Teresa Teng would come to China. So they did the performance of the labor army, showing that Teresa Teng loves Taiwan Province very much. " Teresa Teng agreed to this performance, Guan Weihua said, in fact, this is also a compromise of Teresa Teng. She knows what’s going on. Therefore, Taiwan Province stopped pursuing fake passports, and she could go back to Taiwan Province. "Teresa Teng is an artist. She won’t participate in these political things herself, but her family is in Taiwan Province, and her brother or a soldier must be considered."

　　In 1980, Teresa Teng was recalled to Taiwan Province to sing in the "Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall". In 1981, he performed in Taiwan Province for a month and made a feature film.

　　The news of Teresa Teng’s labor army was widely spread by the authorities. At that time, her status attached by the Taiwan Province authorities was doomed to miss the mainland.

　　In the second half of 1980s, the mainland had contact with Teresa Teng, hoping that she could perform in the mainland. But still failed to do so. "The first half is for political reasons, and the second half is for its own reasons. At that time, she was in poor health and gained weight, and the artist was unwilling to show her bad state to others. " Guan Weihua said.

　　During that time, there were many rumors about Teresa Teng, and it even came out that she often went to Chiang Mai, Thailand because she was addicted to drugs.

　　It was not until May 8, 1995 that the news that Teresa Teng died of asthma suddenly came to light. It was Guan Weihua’s birthday. He was having a party in a bar in Malaysia, and his friend called to tell the news. "I went to Deng’s house, and Deng’s mother sat next to me and told me that it was time for Lijun to go. I can understand the words of mother Deng more and more now. Teresa Teng left at that time to have an eternal Teresa Teng. " Guan Weihua said.

　　In the mourning hall, Guan Weihua saw Teresa Teng’s coffin covered with party flag. "I thought at that time, people are like this. When Teresa Teng left, he didn’t actually take a Taiwan Province passport, but in the end he was covered with a national party flag. "

　　After that year, Guan Weihua said that he had not celebrated his birthday for more than ten years.

Editor: Yan Bin

　　China news agency, Moscow, May 18 (Reporter Tian Bing) Russian President Vladimir Putin paid a state visit to China from May 16 to 17. The heads of state of China and Russia held frank, friendly and informative meetings, jointly signed and issued a joint statement, witnessed the signing of more than 10 important cooperation documents between the two sides, and jointly attended the opening ceremony of the "China-Russia Cultural Year" and a special concert to celebrate the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Russia. Putin also went to Harbin to attend the 8th China-Russia Expo. The meeting between the Chinese and Russian heads of state triggered a warm response from people from all walks of life in Russia and overseas Chinese living in Russia.

　　Highlight the importance of Sino-Russian relations

　　Shroff Ba, a professor at the Russian Higher University of Economics, said that Putin’s trip to China immediately after taking office as the new Russian president showed the importance of bilateral relations. The members of the Russian delegation include a number of deputy prime ministers, ministers and governors, as well as representatives of railway, energy and other companies, indicating the importance Russia attaches to this visit. He pointed out that the two sides signed new cooperation agreements, including topics such as accelerating the pace of cooperation in the fields of science and technology, IT and agriculture, which will further promote the development of bilateral relations.

　　Tavrovski, Russian Chairman of the Expert Council of the China-Russia Friendship, Peace and Development Committee and a professor at the Russian People’s Friendship University, said that it is very important that the leaders of the two countries treat each other frankly and reach agreement on cooperation in various fields during Putin’s visit to China.

　　Wu Hao, secretary general and executive vice president of the Russian Federation of Overseas Chinese, said that Putin’s visit fully reflected the high mutual trust and close interaction between the two heads of state, and clearly showed the priorities of Russian foreign policy. The Russian people are also full of expectations for Putin’s visit.

　　Economic and trade cooperation is broader and deeper.

　　Russian Presidential Press Secretary peskov said that the trade volume between Russia and China shows the complementarity of the two economies. "This is very important for us and for China." He said that many regions of Russia participated in the Russia-China Expo held in Harbin, which is an important part of the economic and trade cooperation between the two sides. The cooperation is very rich in content and wide in scope. The Expo is of great significance to regional cooperation and the development of the Russian Far East and the border areas between China and Russia.

　　Russia — Mankevich, chairman of the Asian Federation of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs, said that the 8th Russia-China Expo will promote the growth of Russian-Chinese trade volume, increase the proportion of high value-added products and enhance the role of small and medium-sized enterprises in bilateral trade. He stressed that the Expo plays an important role in bilateral trade, and Russian enterprises will have the opportunity to directly show their products to China manufacturers and consumers, and negotiate and sign contracts during the Expo. Secondly, the Expo will help improve the popularity and popularity of Russian goods in China.

　　Nikyshina, general manager of Russian Export Center, said that under the background of increasing economic cooperation between the two countries, in view of the importance of the China market and the unprecedented increase in the supply of Russian agro-industrial products to China, the center will vigorously expand the China market. According to its introduction, in 2017, the center launched the "Made in Russia" project to promote domestic brands to "go global". This year’s first "Russian Food Culture Festival (Made in Russia)" was held in Shenyang and Dalian, and 150 Russian enterprises participated in the event. In the meantime, China people bought Russian goods worth over 240 million rubles.

　　Theme year activities are in full swing.

　　Lomanov, director of the Asia-Pacific Research Center of the Institute of World Economics and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences, said that the Russian-Chinese theme year activities have been a very good tradition of the two countries. Since 2006, China and Russia have successfully held a series of theme year activities, such as national year, language year, tourism year, youth friendly exchange year, media exchange year, local cooperation exchange year, scientific and technological innovation year, sports exchange year, and today’s "culture year", which are all very attractive topics. He believes that these topics are chosen to focus the attention of all walks of life in the two countries, take a certain field as a priority, and promote it in the two countries to the greatest extent. Lomanov said that the cultures of Russia and China have had a great influence on each other for a long time. "Now there is both an opportunity and a need to better examine each other, understand how people in each other’s countries live, what non-fiction and real values and plans they have, and know each other’s traditions and modernity.".

　　Yuan Yi, director of Moscow Deheheng Law Firm, said that the joint statement repeatedly mentioned cooperation on bilateral laws. The two sides plan to improve the legal judgment recognition and enforcement mechanism stipulated in the Sino-Russian Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty signed on June 19, 1992. Upgrade the Sino-Russian agreement on investment promotion and mutual protection as soon as possible. Strengthen the exchange of experience and practice in the protection and application of intellectual property rights, and give full play to the important role of intellectual property rights in promoting scientific and technological innovation and economic and social development. Strengthen mutually beneficial cooperation in the field of competition policy, including cooperation in law enforcement and protection of competition rules in commodity markets (including digital commodity markets), and create favorable conditions for economic and trade cooperation between the two sides. Yuan Yi said that the all-round cooperation and development of Sino-Russian economy, trade, investment, science and technology, education, etc. need the escort of the laws of the two countries. I hope that after the "China-Russia Culture Year", the "China-Russia Legal Exchange Year" will be held in the future.

　　Niu Huawei, head of the Russian media plus online Chinese class, said that the joint statement proposed to continue to deepen educational cooperation. As a worker engaged in language and cultural exchange in Russia, I deeply feel the enthusiasm of Russians for learning Chinese. The organization has provided more than 500 Chinese teachers for more than 500 students studying Chinese in 548 schools in Moscow to strengthen their teaching staff, and jointly organized cultural experience activities such as celebrating International Chinese Day, which was deeply loved by teachers and students. He said that the demand for Chinese+vocational education and digital Chinese education in Russia is growing, and he will seize the opportunity and vigorously promote the sustainable development of online Chinese education in the local area. (End)

　　Cctv newsEvery time the carrier battle group is on duty, it has to wander at sea for several months. At this time, a comprehensive supply ship with large tonnage and high speed is needed to meet the massive material demand of the carrier formation.

　　Recently, the first ship of China Navy’s new integrated supply ship — — The Hulun Lake ship officially joined the Chinese People’s Liberation Army Navy sequence. The Hulun Lake ship, known as the "super wet nurse", will make the Chinese aircraft carrier formation go further.

　　Hulun Lake Ship No.965 is a new type of integrated supply ship independently developed by China and advanced in the world. Although the official did not disclose the specific information, some analysts believe that Hulun Lake Ship is a 901 integrated supply ship. This type of supply ship is the first 40,000-ton supply ship in China, which is twice as large as the Type 903 being built in batches, and its speed has also been greatly improved.

　　Hulun Lake Ship Completes the Last Short Board of Chinese Aircraft Carrier Battle Group

　　Previously, there were eight 903 large supply ships in China. The speed of the 903 integrated supply ship is less than 20 knots, while the speed of the carrier Liaoning ship is about 29 knots, and the speed of the 052D destroyer is about 32 knots. That is to say, the speed of the supply ship owned by China could not keep up with the speed of the entire aircraft carrier formation.

　　The Hulun Lake ship, with a speed of about 25 knots, can provide the naval carrier formation of China with accompanying supplies at sea, completing the last short board in the Chinese carrier battle group.

　　The power of the new supply ship has been strengthened, which has increased the rapid supply capacity.

　　Cao Weidong, a military expert, said that the integrated supply ship mainly provides oil, fresh water and ammunition to combat ships. In the past, the supply ship had small tonnage, less materials and poor wind and wave resistance. The speed of warships is relatively fast, and the speed of supply ships is relatively slow, which is easy to slow down.

　　Nowadays, after the power of the new integrated supply ship is strengthened, it can follow behind the combat ship quickly, so that it can sail together in a formation and increase the rapid supply capacity.

　　The new supply ship can realize vertical, horizontal and three-dimensional supply.

　　As mentioned in the public information, Hulun Lake Ship has broken through a series of key technologies, such as the development of new offshore replenishment devices and the overall design and construction of large-scale replenishment ships, with diverse replenishment methods and strong replenishment capabilities. So … How to understand "various replenishment methods"?

　　Cao Weidong pointed out that the new supply ship can supply vertically, horizontally and stereoscopically. In this way,The replenishment speed can be greatly increased, and several ships can be replenished at the same time, thus enhancing the ocean-going escort and combat capability of the China Navy.

　　If the supply ship is sunk, the sustained combat capability of the aircraft carrier formation will be reduced by at least 50%.

　　With the China Navy’s more and more frequent offshore training operations, it is essential to have enough supply ships. The so-called military forces have not moved, and food and grass are first. How important is replenishment for aircraft carriers?

　　The nuclear-powered aircraft carrier in the United States carries 80 aircraft, and the average fuel consumption of each aircraft is 10 tons. Assuming that each aircraft is dispatched once a day, the fuel consumption is about 800 tons, while Nimitz-class aircraft carriers can generally carry 9000 tons of aviation fuel, and according to this fuel consumption, the operational demand can only be maintained for 8-12 days.If the supply ship is sunk, it is equivalent to a reduction of 50% or even 100% in the sustained combat capability of the aircraft carrier formation.

　　Type 901 integrated supply ship will make Chinese aircraft carrier go further.

　　The full-load displacement of the 901 integrated supply ship has reached 40,000 tons. Although the specific amount of materials carried has not been made public, for example, the supply-level fast combat support ship with similar tonnage of the US military can carry about 20,000 tons of various oils and dry goods.

　　Cao Weidong said: with the increase of our country’s guarding tasks in the open sea in the future,Supply ships must adapt to the new mode of China Navy’s offshore escort and ensure the logistics supply of combat ships, especially the supply of battle groups such as aircraft carriers.. After the formation of the aircraft carrier to the far sea, not only the aircraft carrier needs to be supplemented with raw materials, fresh water, food and ammunition, but also the surrounding ships need to be supplemented. soThe integrated supply ship in the aircraft carrier formation is indispensable, which can effectively provide corresponding logistics support for the aircraft carrier battle group to sail continuously, perform tasks continuously or fight continuously.

　　The future replenishment mode will be systematic, informative, precise and automatic.

　　At present, the world’s major naval powers are continuing to develop supply ships. From the perspective of rapid supply ships, the United States is still leading the world; Although Russia currently has only one aircraft carrier formation, the supply ships are also very complete, and Britain and France also have large-tonnage supply ships. China is also vigorously developing large-tonnage supply ships.Large-tonnage and high-speed supply ships have almost become the standard configuration of naval powers.

　　In addition to large tonnage and high speed, the informationization of future supply ships is also very important.Cao Weidong, a military expert, pointed out that in the future combat, warships emphasize systematic confrontation and informational confrontation, which is also applicable to supply ships.In the future, accurate replenishment, rapid replenishment, information-based cross-linking with other ships and improvement of automation will be the development direction of supply ships.

Bitcoin is a digital currency in the form of P2P. Bitcoin has no currency issuer, but is generated by a specific algorithm through a large number of calculations, and the security of its transactions is guaranteed through blockchain.

It should be noted that although the currency value of Bitcoin cannot be manipulated artificially by mass production, it can be manipulated artificially by injecting funds into the trading market.

The design based on cryptography can make bitcoin only be transferred or paid by the real owner, which also ensures the anonymity of currency ownership and circulation transactions.

In this paper, we will discuss the differences between digital currency and other virtual currencies, cash and electronic currencies.

I. Bitcoin and Virtual Currency

Virtual currency refers to unreal currency. Well-known virtual currencies such as Baidu’s Baidu coin, Tencent’s Q coin, Shanda’s counting coupons, and micro-coins launched by Sina. The following is an analysis with Q coins as the representative.

Q coin is a kind of virtual currency introduced by Tencent. It has an issuer and its price is very stable, so it will not fluctuate due to market interference. Q coins can be used to open business and buy virtual goods in Tencent’s applications, and cannot be cashed out.

Bitcoin is not issued by a specific monetary institution, but is generated by a large number of calculations according to a specific algorithm. The biggest difference between bitcoin and virtual currency is that its total quantity is limited and it is extremely scarce.

Specific differences:

1. Different prices

Although both have prices, because Q coins are virtual products issued by Tencent, its pricing power belongs to Tencent completely and is not affected by any institution or enterprise.

Bitcoin is a decentralized product, and there is no central issuer, so its price is completely determined by the market, which also causes it to be hundreds of dollars when it is low and even tens of thousands of dollars when it is high.

Bitcoin has the nature of investment and can earn income through the rise and fall of prices; Q coins can’t.

2. Different distribution mechanisms

Q coins are distributed centrally, and the decision is made by Tencent. How much you want to issue, how much you want to issue, and what products you can buy are all decided by Tencent.

Whether Bitcoin can buy goods and other uses is up to the user. When the number of people who accept the concept of bitcoin reaches a certain number, businesses will consider accepting bitcoin payment, especially Internet websites and service providers.

For example, Reddit, a social news and entertainment website focusing on user-generated content, began to accept users to buy Reddit’s gold medal service using bitcoin in February 2013; Ok Cupid, a free social networking site, began accepting users to use bitcoin to purchase its services in April 2013.

Bitfash, a bitcoin fashion store launched in April 2013, became the first fashion website in the world to support bitcoin payment. Users can directly purchase products from Zara (Spanish clothing brand), Forever21 (American clothing brand) and Mr Porter (famous American online men’s boutique), and other fashion brands have joined in succession.

3. Different management

Under the distribution mechanism, all the distribution data, usage data and related information of Q coins are completely in the hands of Tencent. Theoretically, all data storage can only be viewed and analyzed by Tencent, and no one else has the right to completely centralize storage, which has the risk of data leakage.

Bitcoin is a self-managed mechanism in which data such as transactions and transactions are completely stored in the blockchain. Players can view the data through the blockchain browser, etc. The data storage does not depend on any server or person.

Second, Bitcoin and electronic money

Electronic money refers to the exchange of a certain amount of cash or deposit from the issuer and the acquisition of data representing the same amount, which is directly transferred to the payment object by using some electronic methods, so as to make consumption or debt repayment.

The essence of electronic money is conceptual money information, which is actually special information composed of a group of data containing the user’s identity, password, amount, scope of use and so on.

When people use electronic money to trade, it is actually a kind of related information exchange.

After the information is transmitted to the merchants who set up this business, both parties to the transaction settle accounts. This way is more convenient and faster than cash transactions in real life.

Bitcoin is a kind of electronic money, which is artificially designed, and does not need to be issued by the central bank or a third-party institution in the real society, nor does it need to be cleared by a specific network.

The number of bitcoin is growing steadily and the total amount is limited. No institution can control the issuance of this currency, so there is no worry that spamming will lead to inflation. With the increasing difficulty of acquisition, the value of bitcoin has soared.

Third, Bitcoin and Traditional Currency

Electronic money and cash belong to traditional money, and money refers to the goods separated from commodities and fixed as universal equivalent.

Bitcoin belongs to the encrypted digital currency, which is an equity accounting unit.

Bitcoin is fundamentally different from traditional currencies. The following will introduce the differences between Bitcoin and traditional currencies by taking the US dollar as an example.

1. Bitcoin uses P2P technology and is not under the jurisdiction of the central authority.

Bitcoin is a decentralized currency, which is implemented by end-to-end (P2P) technology, and there is no centralized jurisdiction.

All matters related to Bitcoin, including issuance, transaction processing and verification, are conducted through the Internet, and there is no need for specialized agencies to monitor the entire capital flow process.

In contrast, traditional currencies are issued by central banks. For example, in the United States, the Federal Reserve is responsible for issuing US dollars, at the same time, it is also responsible for implementing the national monetary policy, supervising the banking industry in the United States, maintaining the stability of the financial system, and providing corresponding financial services to deposit institutions.

2. Bitcoin mainly exists in digital form.

Although companies such as Casascius and Bit Bills have physical bitcoin, the original intention of bitcoin design is a kind of digital currency.

At present, the physical form of bitcoin is still a novel product, but for most bitcoin advocates, the physical form of bitcoin has violated the original design intention.

On the contrary, traditional money mainly exists in physical form, and the funds in bank accounts or online broker accounts can be converted into physical dollars.

3. Bitcoin has a distribution limit of 21 million pieces.

The mining program of Bitcoin can produce 25 bitcoins every 10 minutes, and the output will be reduced by half every 4 years, so the number of bitcoins in circulation will reach the issuance limit in 2140.

Although some critics think that the upper limit of bitcoin issuance is not large, supporters believe that the value of a bitcoin can reach 8 decimal places (the smaller unit of bitcoin is satoshis, and 1 bitcoin = 10,000,000 satoshis).

That is, the maximum number of bitcoins can reach 2.1×1015 satoshis, which is enough to meet various needs in the future; Traditional currency issuance has no upper limit.

4. The acceptance of Bitcoin is limited.

At present, there are not many places that can accept Bitcoin, and it cannot be widely used in physical stores. Of course, with its popularity, this may change in the future.

In contrast, the US dollar, as a global reserve currency, can circulate almost all over the world.

5. Bitcoin trading has its limitations.

The transaction needs to wait about 10 minutes or more to confirm, the transaction is almost irreversible, and the refund can only be made by the recipient of Bitcoin. With the consent of the recipient, the initiator of the transaction can also choose to cancel the transaction.

Traditional currency does not have this problem, even debit and credit card transactions can be confirmed in a few seconds.

6. There is no corresponding safeguard for bitcoin balance.

If you accidentally lose bitcoin, for example, the computer hard disk crashes or hackers attack the user’s bitcoin wallet and steal the bitcoin from it, or the trading center that stores the bitcoin balance closes down, then the user’s balance will be zero.

However, the monetary balance of existing banks can be protected from bank failures, because they enjoy the insurance of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation of the United States. Of course, if the government collapses, that’s another matter.

Fourth, Bitcoin ≠ blockchain

Blockchain is the underlying technology of Bitcoin. Although many people know about blockchain through Bitcoin, it is ok to say that Bitcoin has achieved blockchain, but Bitcoin cannot be equated with blockchain.

The official explanation is that blockchain refers to a new application mode that integrates computer technologies such as distributed data storage, point-to-point transmission, consensus mechanism and encryption algorithm.

In a relatively straightforward way, the essence of blockchain is actually a distributed account book, or it is a way for all people to participate in financial recording.

Human life can not be separated from bookkeeping, Alipay or WeChat, and bookkeeping is also carried out in their own systems, and bookkeeping is the central bank.

Bitcoin is the result of the bookkeeping process in the blockchain system. People often say that mining is actually the bookkeeping process.

The operation of Bitcoin adopts the mechanism of "workload proof". When any data in the system changes, the system will judge a computer with the fastest and best bookkeeping, and write its recorded contents into the account book, and the corresponding computer will also receive a corresponding number of bitcoin rewards.

Blockchain has a huge technical advantage. It can create and give birth to the first unrepeatable item in human history that is realized solely by technical means and has natural trust.

At present, almost everything we see in nature can be copied, even living things, such as cloning technology.

None of these items can guarantee its uniqueness and authenticity, so it is necessary for third-party institutions to provide credit for the items and prevent counterfeiting.

The U.S. government provides credit for the U.S. dollar, and the state relies on state institutions to ensure the validity of the U.S. dollar, and whoever makes fraud will be punished.

But this kind of credit also consumes huge social costs. For example, the United States has a population of less than 400 million, but it needs tens of millions of public servants to maintain the operation of the government and provide national credit.

The account books in the blockchain record the so-called "coins", which use technology to realize the characteristics of non-copying and non-modification, so they naturally have credit and can be used to represent various assets and values.

No matter where we are, alive or dead, the digital assets represented by the blockchain always exist.

If your assets were in Mr. Accountant’s account book, in case the account book was burned, the assets would be gone; If your assets were in the bank during the Republic of China, and the Republic of China perished, your assets would also be gone.

But if your asset is bitcoin, unless all the bitcoin nodes are eliminated, as long as there is still one person in the world, then the whole system can be restored. This is also the reason why some people joked that only alien invasion can eliminate bitcoin.

Since the Internet era, we have realized the interconnection of information; The popularization of mobile communication technology has realized the interconnection between people; Now, with the development of 5G technology and Internet of Things technology, we are about to realize the Internet of Everything.　

What do we need to do next after information, people and things are interconnected? That is the interconnection and exchange of values.

The foundation of value connection is trust, and people are eager to establish trust through some technology and mechanism to establish a low-cost operation channel for the flow of value.

The blockchain just provides a solution that can meet the conditions. It can provide a safe and tamper-proof storage and recording method for data and transactions, and solve the trust problem from the mechanism level. From the perspective of economics, the establishment of trust mechanism can promote economic development.

Therefore, I hope that more friends will not focus on "speculating money", nor will they use traditional thinking methods to understand and learn the blockchain. They should learn more about the changes it can bring to social cooperation, and then look for opportunities to change their personal destiny from these changes.

I hope that each of us can grasp the real opportunities emerging in this technological feast and measure this era at our own pace.

The heroine plays wallowing.

1905 movie network news The fantasy youth movie "Time and Space Smuggling Girl" will be released nationwide on February 1st. Recently, the film held a "Cosmic Premiere" in Shanghai, where director Qing Wu made a collective appearance with starring Wang Anqi, Wang Chen, Gao Han, Liao Chenglin, Yan Yilin, Bao Lei and photography director Alejandro Montero. The masters talked about the interesting things behind the scenes and revealed the mystery of time and space smuggling. The scene was full of surprise gift and laughter.

　

The main creative team is all the way to the black, and the audience is amazed that the strength cannot be underestimated.

　"Time and Space Smuggling Girl" Held Shanghai Universe Premiere

At the premiere, director Qing Wu, starring Wang Anqi, Wang Chen and Gao Han, made stunning appearances on the red carpet, captivating a group of younger brothers and sisters. In the trailer broadcast at the premiere, Anki77, a young girl in the future, met Su Xiaoming, a waste wood boy, to find her lost time and space passport, and staged a wonderful campus battle together, which vividly interpreted her rebellious youth. Anki77, a future girl who came across to seek high-quality seeds, accidentally exposed Su Xiaoming’s adolescent secret, and watched the studio in advance at the roadshow, which caused many students to burst into laughter. There are also curious audiences. According to the clues revealed in the film, it is concluded that Su Xiaoming, the academic scum, and Qian Sen, the academic bully, are the true love. So, in addition to the large scale, the emotional line of this film is also confusing.

　

It is worth mentioning that Wang Anqi, the leading actress, was only 13 years old when shooting the film, but she was amazing in this debut film, with no dogmatic acting skills, only the natural emotional expression and unconstrained stories of adolescent girls. The restless girl of the future, in the cruel youth with constantly refreshing time and forgetting memories, the image of a strong and brave girl is deeply rooted in people’s hearts. Su Xiaoming, the academic scum played by Wang Chen, is also reminiscent of Ke Jingteng and Xu Taiyu, who touched countless young audiences in those years. He is full of youth. He also studied at the Shanghai Theatre Academy. He also starred in The General’s Time and Space Lovers, and Gao Han, another male lead in the film, became the drop-dead gorgeous of this film. Different from Wang Chen, Qian Sen, played by Gao Han, is a genetically high-quality high-cold abstinence scholar and the target of Anki77 to choose high-quality seeds. At the event site, Liao Chenglin, a rich second generation player, and Yan Yilin, a stuttering girl, teased each other, and God restored the role in the film, making the audience burst into laughter again and again.

　

Hollywood strength behind-the-scenes team helps alternative youth reputation continue to soar.

　The novel theme of Time and Space Smuggling Girl is worth looking forward to.

Director Qing Wu revealed at the scene that the creative team had successfully held roadshows in 13 cities across the country, and was deeply moved to see the audience’s recognition of the film. She said that "Time and Space Smuggling Girl" is an alternative youth film based on the breakthrough of growth imprisonment. The fantasy plot in the film is very suitable for young people’s exploration and pursuit of the second world. I also hope that "Time and Space Smuggling Girl" can be used as a special gift for all boys and girls and the masters in the film. I hope everyone can bravely pursue their own youth dreams.

　"Time and Space Smuggling Girl", a group of small fresh meats are handsome.

On the same day, after the movie, many viewers gave high praise to The Girl in Time and Space, saying, "After reading it, my heart is warm, and the story setting is very novel, which can easily arouse a sense of resonance", "Funny and touching,’ Time and Space Smuggling’ is Anki77′ s time, and it is also our time", "Laughing with tears by those jokes with heavy tastes", and some people in the industry praised it: "The structure of the play reflects. In this regard, the director laughed: "This filming specially invited Alejandro Montero, a Hollywood gold medal cameraman, to guide the whole process, hoping to visually bring you a fantasy youth film with quality assurance and uniqueness.

　

"Time and Space Smuggling Girl" will be released nationwide on February 1st.

Special feature of 1905 film network In the first week of 2024 (January 1-January 7), the film market continued to maintain a relatively high level under the blessing of the New Year’s Day file, and the weekly data finally closed at 970 million+. In the case of continuous word-of-mouth fermentation and counter-attack, the box office fell sharply in the next week, winning the weekly list with over 310 million yuan; The popularity of the same topic increased, with 169 million in the next week, and the cumulative box office exceeded 300 million. Ranked 3-5.

The annual meeting can’t stop! "Word of mouth box office double harvest" Bright Star "has poor stamina

The New Year’s Eve not only gave the mainland film market a good start in 2024, but also proved once again that good movies can always win audiences by word of mouth. After the fermentation of the previous release, the annual meeting can’t stop! "Successfully aligned the" granularity "with the majority of fans in the next week.

Because it is suitable for the characterization of migrant workers, relatively close to the workplace and not low-level jokes, and the "cool text" ending suitable for the New Year, the annual meeting can’t stop! The score of Douban platform has risen twice, and the fermentation of word of mouth is directly reflected in the box office, film arrangement and other data: compared with the previous week, the annual meeting can’t stop! The box office has successfully achieved a sharp decline, and the proportion of films has also increased from single digits to more than 20%. The weekly box office exceeded 310 million, and the cumulative box office has exceeded 550 million, and the forecast model data has reached 1.2 billion.

The Golden Finger also achieved the breakthrough of counterattack in the next week. As another "cool film" at the end of the year, the film recorded another 169 million in the first week of the new year, and the cumulative box office has reached more than 300 million, ranking second in the weekly list.

In contrast, the "New Year’s Eve" hit "Twinkle, Twinkle, Twinkle, Bright Stars" showed a slight lack of stamina after the ritual sense ebbed. In the past week, the film still had 100 million box office receipts, but all the data have a low tide trend. However, with the strong accumulation during the holiday, the box office of the film has reached 650 million. The old film "Three Battalions" still performed steadily despite the impact of a series of new films. At present, it is still among the top five in the weekly list, and the box office has successfully exceeded 600 million.

Week 2: Restore the Beauty of Plateau Jason Statham Tough Guy Anti-fraud

Although the popular schedule has just passed, there are also many good films coming in the new week. The film "Back to Tibet", which won the Golden Rooster Award of the 36th China Film, will truly restore the local customs and national culture of Tibet on the big screen. The starring actor will bring you a Hollywood version of the story of countering the fraud. I wonder if it can be better than "Put all your eggs in one basket" with the blessing of the tough guy.