CCTV News:According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, tobacco hazards have killed more than 8 million people around the world, of which about 1.3 million are non-smokers exposed to second-hand smoke. Smoking can not only cause lung diseases, but also be related to more than 20 different subtypes of cancer, including esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer and so on. Many studies have shown that smoking is also strongly related to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

　　China is one of the founding members of the World Health Organization. On May 21st, 2003, the World Health Assembly approved the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, and on November 10th of the same year, China officially signed the Convention. On August 28th, 2005, the NPC Standing Committee decided to ratify the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (hereinafter referred to as the Convention).

　　According to the first guiding principle of the Convention, each contracting party should make everyone aware of the health consequences, addiction and fatal threats caused by tobacco consumption and exposure to tobacco smoke, and should consider effective legislative, enforcement, administrative or other measures at the appropriate government level to protect everyone from exposure to tobacco smoke. It is clearly stated in the measures to reduce tobacco demand in Part III of the Convention to prevent exposure to tobacco smoke in indoor workplaces, public transport, indoor public places and, where appropriate, other public places.

　　In 2016, the "Healthy China 2030" Planning Outline issued by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council proposed that by 2030, the smoking rate of people over 15 years old would be reduced to 20%. In 2019, the Healthy China Action (2019— In 2030), it is also proposed in the goal of tobacco control action that by 2030, the proportion of people protected by comprehensive smoke-free laws will reach 80% and above. In 2023, 44 cities in China have newly introduced or revised municipal tobacco control regulations.

　　The real-time visual map of the smoke-free legislation process in China provinces produced by the Health Law Research Center of China University of Political Science and Law shows that the current population protected by comprehensive smoke-free legislation is 224 million, accounting for 15.9% of the total population. If we accept the proportion of 300 million people who choose to smoke in China, there are still 656 million non-smokers who fail to get legal protection from tobacco smoke. Since the Convention was adopted in China for 19 years, how feasible is tobacco control legislation? Recently, the reporter followed Peking University Social Media Research Center into Shandong and Shanghai, and conducted field research to discuss the current work practice of tobacco control legislation.

　　one

　　The reporter learned during the investigation in Shandong that up to now, according to the legislative plan of the Shandong provincial government in 2021, the provincial tobacco control regulations have been incorporated into three types of legislative plans (local regulations that should be investigated and drafted quickly). After research by relevant parties, it is planned to incorporate the relevant provisions on tobacco control into the revised Regulations on Patriotic Health in Shandong Province in order to meet the relevant requirements of the Healthy China Action. The revision of the Regulations on Patriotic Health in Shandong Province has been included in the three types of legislative plans of Shandong Provincial People’s Congress in 2022 and 2023.

　　At the municipal level, since Qingdao formulated and promulgated the Regulations on the Control of Smoking in Qingdao in 2013, Weifang City and Weihai City also introduced smoking control management measures in early 2023. The "Regulations on Controlling Smoking in Public Places in Jinan (Draft)" is in the legislative process, which was reviewed by the Jinan Municipal People’s Congress in the first round in 2022, and the second round has not yet started.　　

The municipal legislative plan of Shandong Province includes the prohibition of smoking in public places (revised)

　　At present, Zibo, Dezhou and Binzhou in Shandong Province have included tobacco control in the second-class legislative plan of the municipal people’s congress, and Rizhao has included it in the third-class legislative plan of the municipal people’s congress. Regarding when the local government can turn the legislative plan into legislation and overcome the obstacles that may exist in the process of tobacco control legislation, Li Min, director of the Institute of Health Education of Dezhou CDC, said at the symposium on tobacco control, referring to the past experience of Qingdao and Shanghai, if there is an opportunity to host large-scale events or activities, tobacco control may become one of the important prerequisites for the selection of the host venue. At present, during the two sessions every year, Dezhou City also proposes suggestions on behalf of the Committee members to support the municipal tobacco control legislation, so as to increase the possibility of tobacco control legislation. In addition, the further revision of the patriotic health regulations on tobacco control is also one of the directions that Dezhou is working hard.

　　At present, at the provincial level, Shandong has been actively communicating legislative plans with the Justice Department and the Legislative Committee of the National People’s Congress, and tobacco control indicators are also being included in the assessment of health cities. How can we smoothly promote tobacco control legislation at the provincial level? Wang Liansen, director of the Health Education Institute of Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that on the one hand, whether the tobacco control implementation can introduce specific requirements at a higher level, and on the other hand, whether the tobacco control work can occupy a greater weight in the work objectives of creating health and creating a civilized city. The practical feedback from the masses on smoke-free environment and health demands will also become an invisible thrust for tobacco control legislation.

　　Hou Jiaxiang, chief physician of Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, also stressed that tobacco control is not just a health issue. Studies have shown that tobacco will also have an impact on the environment, oceans, land, etc., and relevant responsible departments need to work together to pay attention to ecological issues such as land health and marine environment.

　　Although the current tobacco control legislation in Dezhou is still in the promotion stage, Li Min believes that the preliminary work related to tobacco control is very necessary for long-term legislative planning, and it is an important link to insist on monitoring the tobacco control-related data to provide basic data. If legislation can be successfully enacted in the future, then after the legislation, there will be a number of evaluation indicators to illustrate the significance of this legislative work, including the public opinion survey on tobacco control, the current smoking rate survey and the current situation of tobacco control in public places. If there is no preliminary work to accumulate basic data, it is difficult to evaluate the role of laws and regulations in people’s health and environmental development in this city.

　　2

　　Adhering to this initial intention, in addition to continuing to promote the legislative work, the whole Shandong Province has also widely mobilized all units at all levels and the general public in the province to actively implement the tobacco control contract through measures such as tobacco control science popularization, smoking cessation service and pilot innovation, so as to reduce the harm of second-hand smoke and let more people have a healthy and clean environment. Up to now, the smoking rate of people aged 15 and above in Shandong Province has dropped from 22.65% in 2020 to 21.39% in 2023. It can be seen that as long as we unswervingly continue to promote the implementation of tobacco control, it is expected that the smoking rate will continue to decline to the goal set by a healthy China in the next few years.

　　At present, Shandong has maintained three 100% full coverage achievements of smoke-free party and government organs, smoke-free schools and smoke-free medical and health institutions in the province. In 2022, Shandong Province issued the Notice on Further Strengthening the Standardized Construction of Quitting Outpatients in the Province, requiring the standardized implementation of five systems (brief intervention smoking cessation system, follow-up inquiry system, referral system, outpatient registration system and regular follow-up system), and requiring the standardized distribution of smoking cessation health education prescriptions. At present, there are 694 smoking cessation clinics in Shandong province.

Media forum to share the progress and practice of tobacco control legislation in Shandong Province.

　　Ma Jixiang, director of the Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that the current tobacco control work in Shandong Province is not "once and for all". On the basis of the policies already issued, it is necessary to establish supporting mechanisms through key technical strategies, including some more objective evaluation indicators and tools. For example, the smoke alarm is used to capture the "instantaneous" smoking behavior, and a new physical examination index "cotinine" is set to screen smokers in smoke-free units, thus truly creating a zero-smoke environment for non-smokers. At the same time, he also stressed that smokers should be fully respected in the setting of outdoor smoking places, and smokers should be given standardized smoking space to achieve two-way respect.

　　Ma Jixiang believes that the next goal after the establishment of the smoking cessation clinic is to realize the integration of medicine and prevention in the field of tobacco control. It is no longer just to set up a special clinic, but to implement this lifestyle intervention in the work of every clinician. In the work of tobacco control, as a clinician, we should not only prescribe drugs, but also prescribe health. The first health prescription is to quit smoking. Clinicians should really ask patients whether they smoke or not, and tell TA to quit smoking by writing prescriptions on medical records, so that patients will often pay attention to it.

　　At the same time, this is also in line with the connotation of the "prevention and control tube" of the medical community. If the risk factors are really intervened, the future treatment costs will be reduced, and the emergence of major diseases may be postponed later, thus achieving a more efficient use of medical insurance funds. According to the research and observation of Hou Jiaxiang, the chief physician, the people he came into contact with who had quit smoking showed very complicated withdrawal situation and results. Therefore, tobacco control intervention, as a psychological behavioral intervention, needs further research on health behavior, so as to better guide doctors to do a good job of behavioral intervention for smokers.

　　three

　　According to Xinhua News Agency, Wu Xiangtian, deputy director of the Department of Planning, Development and Information Technology of the National Health and Wellness Commission, said at the recent inaugural meeting of the Professional Committee on Tobacco Control and Health Promotion of chinese association on tobacco control Medical Institutions and the academic seminar on "Tobacco Control and Health" that it is necessary to continuously promote the construction of a smoke-free environment, and take tobacco control education as one of the important contents of treating patients to help them realize a healthy lifestyle. At the same time, increase scientific research on epidemiology and clinical diagnosis and treatment of tobacco-dependent diseases, and further promote tobacco control.

　　In recent years, some places have actively promoted tobacco control legislation. For example, since the implementation of the Regulations on the Control of Smoking in Public Places in Shanghai, the adult smoking rate has dropped to 19.4%. The Regulations on the Control of Smoking in Beijing stipulates that smoking is prohibited in public places, indoor environment of workplaces, outdoor queues and other occasions; The Regulations on the Control of Smoking in Shenzhen Special Economic Zone stipulates that smoking is prohibited in indoor workplaces, indoor public places, public transport and outdoor places such as schools, parks and medical and health institutions … …

　　Shanghai is one of the earliest cities in China to carry out tobacco control. On December 10th, 2009, the Standing Committee of the Municipal People’s Congress passed the Regulations of Shanghai Municipality on Controlling Smoking in Public Places (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations), which came into effect on March 1st, 2010. The Regulations are the first local regulations on tobacco control promulgated by the provincial people’s congress in mainland China after the entry into force of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in China. From May 1st to October 31st, 2010, the 41st World Expo was held in Shanghai. The World Health Organization proposed to the government of China that the first "smoke-free Expo" should be held. At the same time, Shanghai started the "Smoke-free Shanghai" 1.0 era.

　　On November 11, 2016, the Shanghai Municipal People’s Congress voted and passed the Decision on Amending the Regulations on Smoking Control in Public Places in Shanghai, which came into effect on March 1, 2017, and stipulated that smoking was prohibited in indoor public places, indoor workplaces and public transport, achieving a comprehensive indoor smoking ban, and "smoke-free Shanghai" entered the 2.0 era. The Standing Committee of Shanghai Municipal People’s Congress passed the amendment to the Regulations on October 28, 2022, and it will take effect on October 28, 2022. Shanghai became the first city to amend the tobacco control regulations to include e-cigarettes in the smoking ban in public places after the e-cigarettes were regulated at the national level. At this time, "smoke-free Shanghai" entered the 3.0 era.

　　Li Min once said at the forum that in the discussion of tobacco control legislation in Dezhou, a key question is: If legislation is enacted, who will enforce the law against illegal smoking? The reporter came to Shanghai, which has implemented tobacco control regulations, to try to find a feasible way. Generally speaking, smoking is an instantaneous behavior, and the use of e-cigarettes will not produce cigarette butts. Once illegal smoking occurs, it will bring certain dissuasion or law enforcement difficulties. However, the staff of the Shanghai Health Promotion Center said that at present, the clues of local illegal smoking are mainly received through public reports, so the "co-governance and sharing" of smoke-free environment has weakened these barriers to a certain extent for the special law enforcement team.

　　Social co-governance emphasizes the participation of the government and multiple subjects (including group organizations, individual volunteers, citizens and the media). In the "Six Ones" model of tobacco control work in Shanghai, in addition to writing tobacco control work into several important systems, the social co-governance of tobacco control is also mainly reflected in the multi-sectoral cooperation and social co-governance mechanism in Shanghai, the 12345 tobacco control complaint hotline and the construction of tobacco control thermal map.

　　According to the requirements of tobacco control regulations, the Shanghai Health Promotion Committee coordinated the joint actions of tobacco control supervision departments, industry authorities and volunteer groups of various associations, and formed a social co-governance of tobacco control, and gradually formed two supporting systems. One is the quarterly supervision and law enforcement liaison system, which includes municipal horizontal supervision and law enforcement departments and industry management departments, as well as district-level related units. The other is the quarterly special law enforcement week action, which will have 1— In two weeks, according to the emerging problems during that period, the joint law enforcement in some places was focused and targeted.

　　In 2015, Shanghai included complaints about tobacco control in the answering range of the public hotline 12345, and in 2017, it included the public hotline in the national tobacco control supervision plan. Based on the clues of providing volunteers with first-line environmental inspections and considering the limitations of changing the hotline complaints, Shanghai then developed a thermal map of tobacco control to urge the rectification of places, as well as provide important clues for volunteers to inspect and supervise the illegal smoking, so as to realize the joint construction and sharing of healthy cities.　

Tobacco control law enforcement process of Shanghai tobacco control thermal map

　　At present, the workflow of tobacco control in Shanghai can basically be completed on the thermal map applet: citizens arrive at the core volunteers after submitting illegal clues, and assign work orders to frontline volunteers according to their addresses. frontline volunteers are responsible for on-site inspection and secondary review. Review the problematic places will be submitted to the district administrator. The responsible comrades of tobacco control work in this area will issue law enforcement proposals to relevant law enforcement departments after confirming the places and problems. After the law enforcement department completes the law enforcement offline, it submits the results online and feeds them back to all the clients at the same time.

　　four

　　Up to now, 24 provinces in China have issued provincial-level tobacco control regulations, and 254 cities have issued municipal-level tobacco control regulations, and the proportion of people protected by comprehensive smoke-free regulations has been increasing. It is noteworthy that Shanghai has actively adopted the MPOWER measures proposed by the World Health Organization in the Convention to promote tobacco control compliance. Including the implementation of the advertising law, prohibiting the sponsorship and promotion of tobacco for minors, and at the same time clarifying that all regulatory departments will jointly enforce the law, and enterprises and units that have the above behaviors will be blacklisted in the credit system, and joint punishment will be implemented according to the law and regulations. There is also the regular monitoring of M (Monitor tobacco use and prevention policies) in the MPOWER of the Convention to grasp the tobacco use situation.

Standard outdoor smoking spots in Shanghai

　　The staff of the Office of the Shanghai Health Promotion Committee said that the achievements made in the implementation of tobacco control in Shanghai now mainly come from two aspects, on the one hand, the legalization of tobacco control, on the other hand, guidance and publicity are needed to create a smoke-free atmosphere for non-smokers.

　　According to the white paper on the monitoring of the Regulations in Shanghai in previous years, the proportion of people discouraging smoking and enforcing the law is increasing year by year, which shows that if better tools are provided for citizens to feedback clues, their enthusiasm for participating in social co-governance will be improved accordingly. Last year, the thermal map of tobacco control was included in the scope of investigation for the first time in Shanghai. The results showed that in 2023, only 14.7% of the intercepted people had heard of the thermal map applet, and 40.2% of them had used the applet. The staff of the Shanghai Health Promotion Center said that there is still much room for improvement in this data, and more publicity is needed to attract more citizens to join the tobacco control work of social co-governance.

　　In addition, during the investigation, the reporter learned that China’s tobacco control work is also constantly challenging the new challenges brought by emerging industries, the definition of places, and the secrecy of behavior (e-cigarettes). For example, in the newly opened "Cigar Bar", guests can buy cigars and have business talks with drinks. The direct use of cigars in this place is an illegal situation that has not been encountered in the past tobacco control law enforcement work, and it needs to be standardized and managed in time. For example, when the commercial housing is purchased, it includes the pool area. Does the corridor belong to a private place, and does smoking here violate the Regulations? Private cinemas and other places are also being defined in the legislation of public places. For another example, unlike traditional tobacco, e-cigarettes have no open flames and cigarette butts, which requires technical means such as smoke sensing and picture monitoring to assist in dissuasion or stagnation law enforcement.

　　Data show that the adult smoking rate in Shanghai has dropped by 7.5 percentage points to 19.4% since the legislation of self-control smoking, reaching the goal of "Healthy China 2030" ahead of schedule. The results of the 2021 national youth tobacco epidemic survey show that the utilization rate of cigarettes and e-cigarettes among middle school students in Shanghai is the lowest among 31 provinces in China. In 2021, the average life expectancy in Shanghai was 84.11 years, the highest among 31 provinces in China. (Reporter/Chen Shiwen Proofreading/Liang Yaqin)

　　Author: "Biography of Tu Youyou" writing group.

　　Publishing House: People’s Publishing House

　　Publication date: December 2015

　　Biography of Tu Youyou is the first biography that comprehensively and completely records Ms. Tu Youyou’s life experience. The book shows readers an outstanding female scientist by visiting her and her family, colleagues, classmates and students, as well as more than 130 photos collected by her.

　　As the only doctoral student in Tu Youyou, Manyuan Wang’s greatest feeling was "complexity" after learning that his teacher had won the prize, but not entirely excitement. During the interview with the reporter of Legal Evening News, he recalled the valuable experience of studying with Teacher Tu.

　　What kind of learning path did Tu Youyou go through before "determined to find Artemisia"? What unknown story has her love and family experienced? Before "determined to find Artemisia", she had already made all the preparations silently …

　　be worthy of the name of teacher

　　The "gifts" for students are two master’s theses.

　　"Is Teacher Tu a Western doctor or a Chinese doctor?" Every time someone asks her this question, she smiles and doesn’t answer. Manyuan Wang said that Tu Youyou did not care about the dispute between traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine.　

　　"Teacher Tu does not pay attention to the attribution of her research in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, nor does she pay attention to the debate on whether traditional Chinese medicine is scientific. She firmly believes in her heart that traditional medicine is a treasure house, and modern technology can improve the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine." Tu Youyou in Manyuan Wang’s eyes is a medical scientist who takes the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine as his lifelong pursuit in his scientific research career.

　　"The head of teacher Tu’s lifelong scientific research is to use science and technology to explore the better efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine. She also adheres to this belief in my training." As soon as Manyuan Wang entered the school, she received a "gift" from her teacher-the master’s thesis of Wu Chongming and Gu Yucheng, graduate students from Tu Youyou. These two papers on traditional Chinese medicine have inherited Tu Youyou’s method of artemisinin research. Manyuan Wang believes that this gift is not only intended for him to ponder the research ideas, but also a study of the tradition of his teacher.

　　During his doctoral studies, Mr. Tu also funded him to go to Peking University Medical Center and Union Medical College to study Chinese herbal medicine chemistry, spectrum analysis and other courses.

　　"Teacher Tu is a person who is particularly persistent, firm and enterprising, and has no distractions." Manyuan Wang said that Mr. Tu usually has the habit of newspaper clippings, paying special attention to major events and news in the field of health and hygiene, and often asking Manyuan Wang to look for relevant information to supplement his knowledge.

　　Love division of labor

　　"Things like shopping are basically done by my old Li."

　　In 1955, after four years of study, Tu Youyou graduated from Peking University Pharmacy Department and was assigned to work in the Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

　　In life, Tu Youyou is a down-to-earth "thick line". He doesn’t take care of himself very well and devotes himself to his work. Once, she couldn’t find her identity certificate, so I asked my colleagues to help me find it. When I opened her box, I found that the contents were in a mess, and everyone joked: "It’s not like a girl to clean it up so improperly."

　　Tu Youyou himself now says that he wants to keep the trivial things around him in order. "I’m still not smart. After I get married, things like buying food and shopping are basically done by my old Li." Tu Youyou’s "Lao Li" is her husband Li Tingzhao.

　　Li Tingzhao and Tu Youyou are fellow villagers, and they were classmates of Xiaoshi Middle School. In 1951, Li Tingzhao went to Beijing Foreign Studies School to study foreign languages. At this time, it was the time to resist US aggression and aid Korea, and he and many students in his class proposed to go to the Korean battlefield. The news reached Premier Zhou Enlai, and Premier Zhou said, "Don’t go to the Korean battlefield. The country is in urgent need of a large number of outstanding talents. You should continue your studies." Therefore, Li Tingzhao did not go to North Korea, but went to the cram school of Agricultural University to study.

　　After returning from studying in the Soviet Union, Li Tingzhao was assigned to work in Beiman Steel Plant in Qiqihar, Heilongjiang Province, and then worked in Maanshan Iron and Steel Plant, Beijing Institute of Iron and Steel and Metallurgical Department.

　　During her stay at Maanshan Iron and Steel Plant, Li Tingzhao had a sister who happened to work in Beijing. Because they are both fellow villagers, Tu Youyou often meets Li Tingzhao’s sister. When Li Tingzhao visited her sister from Maanshan, she often met her old classmate Tu Youyou. My sister saw what they meant and took the initiative to be a matchmaker. In the long run, two young hearts gradually came together.

　　In 1963, two years after their reunion in Beijing, they formally entered the marriage hall. Some friends joked that the combination of Li Tingzhao and Tu Youyou is the fusion of tradition (Chinese medicine) and modernity (steel).

　　The wife of Wang Muzou, a college classmate, is also familiar with Tu Youyou. She said that after marriage, Tu Youyou is not good at housework, and the family affairs are basically covered by her husband. "Tu Youyou has different interests from ordinary girls. She is an open-minded person and her energy is spent on her work."

　　Children’s feelings

　　Mother and daughter meet once every three or four years for many years.

　　Although their roles at home are different, the common theme of Tu Youyou and his wife after marriage is actually only two words-dedication.

　　"To your task, for us at that time, just work hard and finish the national task. As long as there is a task, the child will leave as soon as he throws it. " Speaking of the past, Tu Youyou seemed very calm. At that time, she was sent to Hainan Island, and her husband, Li Tingzhao, had been sent to the May 7th Cadre School because he had studied metallurgy in the Soviet Union. In order not to affect his work, they gritted their teeth and sent their eldest daughter, who was less than 4 years old, to a full-time nursery, while her youngest daughter was always taken care of by the elderly in her hometown in Ningbo. It is also because of the long separation of flesh and blood that "the eldest daughter didn’t want to call her parents when she took it back."

　　Li Jun, the youngest daughter, remembers that she had a clear impression of her mother for the first time, and she was over 3 years old. After Li Jun stayed in his hometown in Ningbo for several years, Tu Youyou had a chance to take some time out of his busy scientific research task to see his little daughter who missed him so much. On that day, at the alley in front of my grandparents’ house, Li Jun saw a man coming quickly with his luggage, his hands open, and he kept calling himself: "Xiaojun, Xiaojun …" Li Jun subconsciously stepped back several steps. At that moment, there was no memory of "mother" in the little girl’s mind. She didn’t know that this travel-stained woman was her own imagination. Li Jun still wonders how his mother could recognize herself at that time.

　　Mother and daughter meet only once every three or four years, and it has been going on for many years. Li Jun, my daughter, also couldn’t understand for a long time. How can a mother abandon her family and even take care of her children for scientific research and career?

　　Every time a rather "strange" mother and daughter meet, it also makes Tu Youyou secretly doubt his original choice. After many years, she will still say with some regret: "When the children grow up, they even don’t want to go back to Beijing to live with us."

　　The foreshadowing of life

　　Learn the processing technology of traditional Chinese medicine from old pharmacists

　　In 1959, after four years’ work, Tu Youyou became a student of "The Third Session of Chinese Medicine Class for Western Medicine in Chinese Medicine Research Institute" organized by the Ministry of Health, and began to learn Chinese medicine knowledge systematically. For Tu Youyou, it was also the inspiration she found in traditional Chinese medicine, and then she found artemisinin. In the 1950s-1960s, in the medical field of China, it has become a trend for Chinese medicine to learn from Western medicine.

　　On October 11th, 1958, the Party Group of the Ministry of Health wrote a Summary Report on the Departure Course of Western Medicine and Chinese Medicine to the Central Committee. Mao Zedong made a famous instruction that "China medicine is a great treasure house, which should be explored and improved". Since then, China’s integration of traditional Chinese and western medicine has started rapidly.

　　In 1959, Tu Youyou became a student of "the third phase of the Chinese medicine class for western medicine in the Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine". During two and a half years of full-time study, she not only mastered theoretical knowledge, but also participated in clinical study. According to his major, Tu Youyou also went deep into the medicinal materials company, learned the identification and processing technology of traditional Chinese medicine from the old pharmacists, and participated in the summary of the experience of processing traditional Chinese medicine in Beijing, so as to have a perceptual understanding of the variety authenticity, authentic quality and processing technology of medicinal materials.

　　It is precisely because of this groundbreaking off-the-job training that Tu Youyou really began to master the ability to read Chinese medicine and western medicine, and was able to understand their differences in history and ideas, and then linked the empirical knowledge of traditional medicine with the highest level of modern biomedicine, laying a solid foundation for artemisinin research in the future. Finishing/Chen Juanqing

　　Xiong’an new area, which was established for half a year, attracted the attention of the outside world because of a "voluntary publicity". On the evening of the 5th, the official WeChat of xiong’an new area Management Committee of Hebei Province, Xiong ‘an, published the mobile phone numbers of seven leaders, including Liu Baoling, deputy secretary of the Party Working Committee of xiong’an new area and executive deputy director of the Management Committee, and the county party secretary and county magistrate of Xiong ‘an three counties, and encouraged the masses to "interact".

　　On October 6, Beijing Youth Daily reporter contacted Wang Zhanyong, the county magistrate of Rongcheng County, Hebei Province, who was listed in the number disclosure. He said that he was very supportive of such disclosure. "Opening the mobile phone number can be used as a bridge for communication between cadres and the masses, which is convenient for us to understand the thoughts of the frontline people."

　　The public telephone number originated from a "roll call inquiry"

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily learned that xiong’an new area’s public leadership mobile phone number originated from a netizen’s "roll call inquiry". In reply, Liu Baoling, deputy secretary of the Party Working Committee of xiong’an new area and executive deputy director of the Management Committee, offered his mobile phone number to netizens.

　　On the evening of October 4th, in the comment area of a pushed article published by Xiong ‘an, a netizen from Dawang Town, Anxin County left a message asking questions about land requisition, demolition and coal-fired heating in winter, and "named" Liu Baoling, deputy secretary of the Party Working Committee of xiong’an new area and executive deputy director of the Management Committee, to answer them. On the morning of 5th, Liu Baoling’s answer appeared in the message area of "Xiong ‘an Release".

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily noticed that Liu Baoling listed seven main points to answer the questions from the perspectives of residents and enterprises. At the end of the reply, Liu Baoling directly attached his mobile phone number, and frankly said, "Anyone who has something to say directly to me can write or send me a text message", "We will read it in time and reply or handle it in time". But at the same time, it said, "But I’m sorry, try not to call because I really don’t have time to answer."

　　The leader left his mobile phone number and received 534 text messages the next day.

　　"Xiong ‘an Publishing" said in the article that as of the morning of October 5th, Liu Baoling’s mobile phone had received 534 short messages from the masses. Liu Baoling introduced that these short messages are "rich in content, deeply moved, inspired, educated and thought-provoking" after reading them. He further explained that among the more than 500 short messages, "a considerable part of them are people’s suggestions and suggestions for the planning and construction of the new district, and this understanding and support is touching; Many rationalization suggestions are very valuable and inspiring. " "There are also some short messages that reflect personal difficulties and personality problems, which is understandable." Liu Baoling said through the "Xiong ‘an Release" that he had made a direct reply to some urgent situations and problems. There are also some short messages that do not involve confidentiality for the parties, which will be transferred to various departments at all levels in Xiong’ an County for reply, and they will be solved and implemented quickly.

　　The mobile phone number of 6 leaders in Xiong’ an three counties was further disclosed.

　　Following Liu Baoling, deputy secretary of the Party Working Committee of xiong’an new area and executive deputy director of the Management Committee, who took the lead in leaving his mobile phone number in his reply, on the morning of October 6, "Xiong ‘an Release" further announced the mobile phone numbers of six leaders in Xiong ‘an three counties, including: Wan Shujun, secretary of Xiongxian County Party Committee; Yang Yuefeng, county magistrate of Xiongxian County; Shang Shaopu, secretary of Rongcheng County Party Committee; Wang Zhanyong, county magistrate of Rongcheng County; Yang Baochang, Party Secretary of Anxin County; Ding Yang, county magistrate of Anxin County.

　　In the article, "Xiong ‘an Publishing" reminded that it is "definitely too busy" to answer the phone one by one because of the many things that grassroots leading cadres need to deal with. "Please give priority to texting and make phone calls as little as possible", and ask netizens to understand and understand.

　　Regarding the practice of publishing the mobile phone numbers of seven leading officials, "Xiong ‘an Publishing" explained that today, the Internet has long been an important channel for communication between the government and the public, and it is also a "distribution center" and "hub point" for various opinions and attitudes, and xiong’an new area is no exception. "xiong’an new area has just started, and there are many things and clues. In addition, the planning and construction plan has not yet been announced, and it is normal for people to have some worries and doubts." Through such "interaction", "people’s thoughts and expectations for the future can be clearly seen, and at the same time, the government can be helped to improve efficiency and better serve the people".

　　conversation

　　Rongcheng county magistrate: I will answer the phone as long as conditions permit.

　　At noon on October 6, Beijing Youth Daily reporter contacted Wang Zhanyong, the county magistrate of Rongcheng County, who said that the mobile phone number announced to the public was the only number for his own use. Since the announcement of the mobile phone number on the evening of the 5 th, he has received many consultation messages and telephone calls from the masses. Wang Zhanyong told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that he supported the disclosure of the mobile phone number and thought it would help them understand the thoughts of the frontline people.

　　Beiqing Daily: Why do you publish your mobile phone number through the Internet?

　　Wang Zhanyong: This is the unified publicity of xiong’an new area. I’m not the only one. The telephone numbers of the secretaries and county heads in Xiong ‘an County are all public.

　　Beiqing Daily: Is the published mobile phone number your work-specific number?

　　Wang Zhanyong: I can’t talk about work-specific or life-specific. I just have this number. Work and life are not separated, and it has always been used like this.

　　Beiqing Daily: How many people have received calls or text messages since the announcement?

　　Wang Zhanyong: It was announced on the evening of the 5th, and then there were many text messages to make inquiries. There were not many phone calls, but the specific number of text messages and phone calls was not counted.

　　Beiqing Daily: What are the main questions?

　　Wang Zhanyong: Winter is coming, and many people come to ask questions about coal-fired heating. In addition, some people have personal problems, which are found in all walks of life.

　　Beiqing Daily: What do you think of the announcement of the mobile phone number?

　　Wang Zhanyong: I think it’s quite good and I support it. This kind of publicity can be used as a bridge between cadres and the masses to understand the thoughts of the frontline masses.

　　Beiqing Daily: Don’t worry about personal life being disturbed?

　　Wang Zhanyong: No, the phone number is nothing to keep secret. Many people already know my phone number, so I didn’t worry about it.

　　Beiqing Daily: Will people call in the future?

　　Wang Zhanyong: Although there are many consultations now, it is not too busy. As long as there is time and conditions permit, I will answer it.

　　This group/reporter Zhang Ya

This autumn, persimmon theme package sales TOP10 cities, and southern cities accounted for seven seats.

A barbecue restaurant in Hangzhou is baking persimmons.

In a cake shop in Hangzhou, Ms. Wang, a citizen, and her companions are taking photos with persimmon cupcakes. Fresh persimmon jelly is topped with a whole persimmon, which is as festive as a red lantern. "I didn’t have the habit of eating persimmons in the past, but this persimmon dessert has a high value, moderate sweetness and its own homophonic stalk. The purchase is also for a good color."

"After eating this juicy persimmon cake, I immediately entered the autumn with 5 g." Persimmon, a common fruit in northern autumn and winter, has become the "big online celebrity" on the southern dining table this autumn. According to the public comment data, the search volume of "persimmon" keywords in China has doubled compared with last year. Among the TOP10 cities in persimmon theme package sales, southern cities occupy seven seats, and Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai have become major provinces and cities for eating persimmons. Persimmons baked with charcoal fire, shaved ice, made cakes, and jumped out of the traditional way of eating, but also collided with unique eating habits in various places to create new ways of eating and new experiences.

Persimmons are "red" all over the country, and the consumption heat in the south exceeds that in the north.

Near first frost, persimmons in Guangxi, Shaanxi, Hebei and other places are listed in a concentrated harvest, which further drives the consumption boom. According to the data of Meituan, since October, the sales volume of the national persimmon theme online package has increased by 226% from the previous month.

From the perspective of regional distribution of consumption, sales in southern cities such as Hangzhou and Shanghai are far ahead, surpassing northern cities with the custom of "nagging persimmons in autumn and winter". Among them, the online sales of related packages in Hangzhou increased by 298% from September.

From the branches to the dining table, persimmons have to undergo a sweet transformation. In the view of Huanniu Cake House in Hangzhou, fire crystal persimmon’s colorful, paper-thin, delicate and slightly astringent color is most suitable for blending with western dessert.

Since the year before last, nearly 40 stores in Huanniu Cake House have started to combine persimmons with the signature product Snow Fatty, and promoted it through online platforms, which can sell more than 4,000 persimmons every day. "This year, the store has increased its online investment, not only launching the persimmon series package, but also decorating the store head map and business novelty on the public comment into a persimmon theme, which is convenient for old customers and new friends to find us in the first time and continue to achieve steady growth."

Unlocking the new way to eat, the search volume of "baked persimmons" in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai has increased by more than 3 times.

In terms of taste, many diners have opened up new ways to eat persimmons. According to the public comment search data, people all over the country generally favor persimmon desserts, and the search volume of persimmon cakes and persimmon Dafu (Japanese glutinous rice balls) is higher than other eating methods. At the same time, charcoal-baked persimmons have become a new popular choice in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, and the search volume of "baked persimmons" in this region has increased by more than three times from the previous month.

Under the strong consumer demand, creative persimmon dishes are in short supply. Maofu Roast Meat in Hangzhou Creative Japanese Food Store roasts persimmons with chestnuts, pineapples and even rice cakes: the pineapple is the base, the whole persimmon is roasted on the grill, the persimmon skin is cracked, and Huang Chengcheng’s flesh is ready to come out, which is very beautiful. It is warm and sweet to bite. "80% of customers come to our store for baked persimmons." Mr. Wu, the person in charge, told the reporter.

Black Pearl One Diamond Restaurant Mushou Xixi Xiyin Restaurant takes "persimmon" as a feast every autumn. It not only makes the pulp into cold cuts and desserts, but also puts persimmon leaves and branches into dishes and cooks them into persimmon leaves, persimmon vinegar, Xixi fish, persimmon fruit and wood roasted lamb chops and other delicacies. In this way, persimmon is transformed into different food categories, so that diners can enjoy the creative dishes of persimmon from cold cuts, main courses to desserts.

According to the data of Meituan, the number of persimmon-related restaurants in Hangzhou on the platform has increased by 1.5 times since October. According to industry insiders, the same fruit, origin and taste, because the retail platform uses digital capabilities to reorganize resources of upstream, logistics, terminals and other parties, provides opportunities for diversified innovation of offline consumption, making seemingly ordinary fruits turn red and popular. In addition, as the terminal of the "persimmon economy" industrial chain, catering physical stores are continuing to promote the popularization of persimmon consumption, and enrich the consumption supply through the cooperation of online platforms, helping persimmons to gain certain operating returns while enhancing the added value of the market.

　　□ Our trainee reporter Zhang Shoukun

　　□ Our reporter Chen Lei

　　"Entering the ancient town, there are red willow barbecues, stinky tofu, big squid, milk tea and handicraft shops everywhere. The signboards are similar and the architectural styles are roughly the same. The difference may be only the address on the postcard." Mr. Zou from Shaoxing, Zhejiang, spoke out.

　　Mr. Zou has just finished a trip to an ancient town, but he has a poor sense of this trip because the commercial atmosphere of the ancient town is too strong — — I wanted to feel the history and culture quietly, but I kept hearing the cries of selling.

　　There are not a few people who feel the same way as Mr. Zou. The reporter of "Rule of Law Daily" recently found on some social platforms that many tourists complained about the over-commercialization of scenic spots this summer, including a large number of shopping places in the scenic spots, a large area and poor business order; The commercial street is too long, the landscape quality is poor, and there are widespread problems such as unclear price tag and poor service quality. There are many advertisements, which affect the tourism quality of scenic spots … …

　　A number of experts interviewed by reporters pointed out that although some places are rectifying the over-commercialization of scenic spots, they mainly ban commercial areas and advertisements, which does not touch the core of the problem. The root of over-commercialization of some local scenic spots mainly lies in the confusion of tourism development system and mechanism. Therefore, the ultimate goal of rectification should be to straighten out the system and mechanism of tourism development and stimulate the motivation and vitality of high-quality tourism development.

　　There are many names of scenic spots.

　　Tourists are disappointed and vomit.

　　Liu Yi, from Zhengzhou, Henan Province, recently drove to a 4A-level scenic spot in Guangxi for a few days. She was disappointed with this trip, and it was also because this scenic spot was too commercialized.

　　"Tickets for scenic spots in 80 yuan, if you drive into the scenic spot, you have to pay another parking fee; If you take the scenic through train, you have to pay the 50 yuan fare. Here, we can only go to the inn for dinner, and the boss will always recommend special dishes. If we don’t order the recommended dishes, we will be embarrassed. A chicken 160 yuan and a bamboo rice 20 yuan are very small, not enough for one person to eat. " Liu Yi said.

　　Some bloggers shared their experience of going to a scenic spot in Qinghai on social platforms: private cars can’t drive directly to the gate of the scenic spot, and tourists have to spend 30 yuan to buy bus tickets for the scenic spot, and the ticket money is not included in the scenic spot package.

　　"The online celebrity small train ride experience in the scenic spot is bad, and the charge is 50 yuan. Originally, there were 4 people in a row of 3 people without a fortress; Although the staff said it would run every 15 minutes, in fact, people would not leave until they were full. The destination of the small train return journey is still some distance from the scenic spot. If you don’t want to walk back, you have to spend 5 yuan money to take a battery car. There is also a sightseeing tower in the scenic area, a few kilometers away from the lake, only 4 floors, and the fee is 20 yuan. " The blogger wrote.

　　At the bottom of this blog post, many netizens commented that "the excessive commercialization of scenic spots has damaged the tourists’ experience", but some netizens also suggested that "if the scenic spots are not commercialized, it will be inconvenient for tourists to eat and travel".

　　So, does the scenic spot need to be commercialized? According to Qi Xiaobo, assistant director of Tourism Research Center of Institute of Geographical Resources, China Academy of Sciences, it is necessary to commercialize scenic spots.

　　"With the increasing demand of consumers for high-quality tourism products and special leisure services, the scenic spots need to increase diversified commercial elements accordingly. From this perspective, the scenic spot really needs commercial elements as service packages and characteristic experience products in the development process. " Qi Xiaobo said that in addition, tourism and leisure itself is a commercial service, so the scenic spot cannot be separated from the implantation of commercial elements, which can increase the income of the scenic spot and pursue the maximum economic benefits of the scenic spot. At the same time, many scenic spots can provide commercial space and platform, help the sales of agricultural special products, increase local employment, radiate surrounding tourism services, etc. by increasing commercial elements and prolonging the stay time of tourists, so as to promote the common development of surrounding people and regions and realize the social driving benefits of scenic spots. However, in the process of commercialization, scenic spots must not be excessive.

　　Over-exploitation of interests only

　　Affect the long-term development of scenic spots

　　The reporter combed some netizens’ comments on the over-commercialization of scenic spots, and found that what many tourists care about is not the commercialization itself, but the stereotyped shops, projects only for making money, unregulated soliciting, and poor quality of goods, which have affected people’s travel experience.

　　Ms. Hu, who traveled to Guizhou in August this year, spoke on the social platform, saying that the clothing used for taking pictures in scenic spots is only quantity but not quality, all of which are identical clothes and props, and the technical level of photographers and makeup artists is uneven. I wanted to feel the original ecological lifestyle here, but when I came down from the observation deck, I saw almost all hotels, only a few old houses.

　　Wang Tianxing, member of the Committee of Experts on the Rule of Law of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and deputy director of the beijing international studies university Cultural Tourism Policy and Regulation Center, told reporters that many shopping stores in some scenic spots do not strictly control the quality of goods, and most of them are fake and shoddy products, and some even use toxic or discarded materials to make so-called special foods. In some places, some so-called museums will be added, which have no decent exhibits, just to increase the stay time of tourists and induce them to buy tickets further. Some museums are actually specialty stores with changed names.

　　According to Zhang Jing, a lecturer at Hulunbeier College, the over-commercialization of scenic spots will destroy tourists’ sense of experience and bring negative comments to the scenic spots, which will easily make the scenic spots lose potential tourists and affect the sustainable development of the scenic spots.

　　"Overloaded over-commercialized operation mode is likely to cause unsustainable ecological environment of scenic spots, and this kind of damage is often difficult to repair. Excessive commercialization of scenic spots will make the scenic spots lose their uniqueness, and will also negatively affect and destroy the local residents and culture of the scenic spots. In the process of excessive commercialization, the scenic spots will lose their comparative advantages and destroy the original cultural heritage, so it is difficult for the scenic spots to develop further and fall into a vicious circle. " Zhang Jing said.

　　Li Jing, an associate professor at East China University of Political Science and Law, pointed out that the commercialization of scenic spots can increase income, so that some cultural heritages that are on the verge of disappearing can be preserved due to the injection of maintenance funds. However, if the operators are tempted by economic interests, they may over-exploit the resources of scenic spots, but they may destroy the authenticity of cultural heritages in the scenic spots.

　　"In the process of over-commercialization of tourist attractions, precious cultural heritages such as folk art forms and national characteristics are packaged into various tourism products out of context, which undermines the integrity of cultural heritage." Li Wei said.

　　Clear positioning and strengthen rectification

　　Scientific guidance and standardized governance

　　In order to rectify the over-commercialization of scenic spots, many places across the country have taken action.

　　As early as 2019, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism deployed actions to rectify the cultural and tourism market and upgrade the A-level tourist attractions, and hundreds of scenic spots were cancelled.

　　In May 2021, Shanxi Province issued the "Implementation Opinions on Strengthening the Protection and Utilization of Cave Temples" to standardize the tourism development activities of Cave Temples and avoid excessive commercialization and entertainment of Cave Temples.

　　In July 2022, the Management Committee for the Protection and Utilization of Wulan Chaka Salt Lake Scenic Area issued an announcement, saying that according to the demands of tourists and the blocking problems in the scenic spot, starting from July 12, 2022, the travel expenses of the Chaka Tourist Distribution Center for tourism and environmental protection in sightseeing bus and 30 yuan will be cancelled; At the same time, let more than 17 tourist buses entering Chaka Salt Lake directly enter the scenic parking lot.

　　Experts interviewed believe that scenic spots are the core of tourism development, and more tourists are willing to spend money on tourism because of their good services. A major rectification of scenic spots will help promote the great development of tourism. However, for a long time, for the over-commercialization of scenic spots, the rectification mainly focused on banning commercial areas and advertisements, and did not touch the core of the problem. The root of over-commercialization of some local scenic spots mainly lies in the confusion of tourism development system and mechanism. Therefore, it is urgent to rationalize the system and mechanism of tourism development and stimulate the motivation and vitality of high-quality tourism development.

　　"China’s existing cultural resources protection system is relatively small, the management system is still not perfect, and the punishment for over-commercialization of scenic spots is weak. These comprehensive factors have led to chaotic management of scenic spots in some places." Li Wei said.

　　Li Jing suggested that relevant laws and regulations should be improved, and a trinity tourism supervision mechanism of central and local governments and tourists should be established to improve the overall quality and service level of scenic spots and promote the sustainable development of scenic spots.

　　Zhang Jing believes that managers of scenic spots should have the concept of tourism cultural innovation, and develop personalized cultural tourism projects from the perspective of tourists’ needs by cooperating with cultural innovation teams.

　　"For example, &lsquo in dongshan town, Wuzhong District, Suzhou; Frog Village ’ Because there are 61 kinds of frogs in the local area, the village has designed frog IP as a cultural feature, which has turned the whole village into a fairy tale town with frog theme, bringing unique and novel experiences to tourists and greatly improving economic benefits. The core of tourism is culture. When developing tourism products, scenic spots should not blindly copy the practices of other scenic spots, but should pay attention to excavating their own cultural characteristics and focusing on the innovative integration and development of cultural characteristic industries and tourism in order to create their own unique comparative advantages. " Zhang Jing said.

　　In Qi Xiaobo’s view, when arranging commercial elements, scenic spots should adhere to the people-oriented concept, not only to meet the commercial service needs of tourists, but also to fully consider the comfort and safety of tourists’ visiting experience, and to reflect humanistic care and commercial value from the subtleties and characteristics, rather than the shoddy and ubiquitous commercial containment.

　　"The relevant government departments should also strictly control the thresholds of investment promotion and franchising, and provide tourists with an original, pure, comfortable and moderate sightseeing and leisure space through planning review, scale control, service quality supervision, time management and space control." Qi Xiaobo said.

　　Comics/Gao Yue